Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment

专利摘要:
An exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine (1), with a separator (3) comprising calcium-containing granulate arranged upstream of an internal combustion engine for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides, with a gasgas heat exchanger (4), via which on the one hand exhaust gas conducted via the separator (3) and on the other hand exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine (1) can be conducted for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine (1), and with a heating device (5) which is arranged downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger (4) and upstream of the separator (3) for the further temperature increase of the exhaust gas conducted via the gas-gas heat exchanger (4).
公开号:DK201570213A1
申请号:DK201570213
申请日:2015-04-13
公开日:2015-11-02
发明作者:Plamen Toshev
申请人:Man Diesel & Turbo Se；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after- treatment
The invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system. The invention furthermore relates to a method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
During combustion processes in stationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example in power plants, and in combustion processes in non-stationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example on ships, sulphur oxides such as SO2 and SO3 are created, wherein these sulphur oxides are typically formed during the combustion of sulphur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, pit coal, brown coal, oil or heavy fuel oil. For this reason, such internal combustion engines are assigned exhaust gas after-treatment systems which in particular serve for the desuiphurisation of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine.
For desulphurising the exhaust gas, absorptive methods are primarily known from the prior art, which as absorbent primarily use quicklime (CaO) or lime hydrate (Ca(OH)2) or calcium carbonate (CaCOs). In the process, dust or granulate is formed, wherein for removing the calcium sulphate dust from the exhaust gas filter devices have to be employed downstream of the desuiphurisation.
From DE 36 03 365 C2 a method and an exhaust gas after-treatment system for the treatment of exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and dust are known.
Starting out from this, the object of the present invention is based on creating a new type of exhaust gas after-treatment system and a new type of method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
This object is solved through an exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1. The exhaust gas after-treatment system for an Interna! combustion engine according to the invention comprises a separator having calcium-containing granulate arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides. Furthermore, the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention comprises a gas-gas heat exchanger, via which on the one hand exhaust gas conducted via the separator and on the other hand the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine can be conducted for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention comprises a heating device arranged downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger and upstream of the separator for the further temperature increase of the exhaust gas conducted via the gas-gas heat exchanger.
By using the separator it is possible to omit a filter device for the removal of calcium sulphate dust or granulate from the exhaust gas. The sulphur oxides react with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator and can be discharged by way of the granulate. The gas-gas exhaust gas and the heating device arranged downstream of the gas-gas exhaust gas allow temperature controlling of the exhaust gas to be conducted via the separator to a temperature that is optimal for the desuiphurisation of the exhaust gas in the separator, wherein following the temperature control of the exhaust gas in the gas-gas heat exchanger the line of the heating device can be reduced. Through the temperature control of the exhaust gas to be conducted via the separator to a temperature that is optimal for desuiphurisation of the exhaust gas in the separator a short reaction time for desulphurising the exhaust gas in the separator is ensured. This ensures furthermore that for desulphurising the exhaust gas in the separator relatively little calcium-containing granulate is required.
Preferentially, the gas-gas exhaust gas heats the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine to a temperature between 330°C and 350°C, preferably to a temperature between 340°C and 350°C. The heating device heats the exhaust gas to a temperature between 375°C and 450°C, preferably between 400°C and 450°C, most preferably between 360°C and 420°C. This temperature control of the exhaust gas Is efficient and particularly advantageous with respect to the desulphurisation of the exhaust gas in the separator.
According to an advantageous further development, an oxidation catalytic converter for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 is positioned downstream of the heating device and upstream of the separator, via which the exhaust gas heated in the heating device can be conducted upstream of the separator. The use of the oxidation catalytic converter for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 makes possible an even shorter dwell time of the exhaust gas in the separator since the SO3 reacts more quickly with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator than the SO2. This makes possible a particularly effective desulphurisation of exhaust gas.
According to a further advantageous further development, a device is positioned downstream of the heating device and upstream of the separator, via which calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing power can be introduced into the exhaust gas heated in the heating device upstream of the separator. This makes possible a particularly effective desulphurisation of the exhaust gas. Calcium sulphate powder and/or sodium sulphate powder or sulphate-containing granulate formed during the desulphurisation can be effectively separated from the exhaust gas with the help of the separator. In particular when in addition to the device via which calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder or granulate can be introduced into the exhaust gas heated in the heating device upstream of the separator, an oxidation catalytic converter is also positioned downstream of the heating device and upstream of the separator, the device, via which calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder or granulate can be introduced into the exhaust gas, is positioned downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 and upstream of the separator.
According to an advantageous further development, the exhaust gas after-treatment system comprises an SCR-catalytic converter, which is positioned either downstream of the separator and upstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger, or which is alternatively positioned downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger. In the SCR-calalytic converter, denitrification of the exhaust gas and thus a further reduction of the exhaust gas emissions take place.
The method for the exhaust gas after-treatment according to the invention is defined in Claim 12.
Preferred further developments of the invention are obtained from the subciaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the help of the drawing without being restricted to this. Here it shows:
Fig. 1: a block diagram of a first exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 2: a block diagram of a second exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 3: a block diagram of a third exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 4: a block diagram of a fourth exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention; and
Fig. 5: a block diagram of a further exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention.
The invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine, for example for a stationary internal combustion engine in a power plant or for a non-stationary internal combustion engine of a ship.
In particular, the exhaust gas after-treatment system is employed on a marine diesel engine operated with heavy fuel oil,
Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 arranged downstream of an interna! combustion engine 1, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention comprises a separator 3 with calcium-containing or lime-based granulate, which serves for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides in the separator 3. The separator 3 can be a so-called packed bed reactor ora so-called moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
The granulate used in the separator 3 for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides preferentially comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOs. In the process, the sulphur oxides of the exhaust gas react with the calcium-containing granulate according to the following reaction equations, namely for Ca(OH)2 according to the following reaction equations:
and for CaCCh according to the following reaction equations:
Exhaust gas, which has been conducted via the separator 3 can be conducted via a gas-gas heat exchanger 4 of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2, just as the exhaust gas leaving the interna! combustion engine 1, which still has to be conducted via the separator 3, During the chemisorption of the sulphur oxides in the separator 3, heat is generated as a consequence of an exothermic reaction, so that the exhaust gas already conducted via the separator 3 has a higher temperature than the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1, so that in the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1, which still has to be conducted via the separator 3, can be heated by the exhaust gas which has already been conducted via the separator 3. Downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 and upstream of the separator 3, a heating device 5 of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention is positioned, wherein the heating device 5 serves for the further increase in temperature of the exhaust gas conducted via the gas-gas exhaust gas 4 and already heated in the same.
Heating of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 upstream of the separator 3 accordingly takes place in two stages, on the one hand in the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 and downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 in the heating device 5. In the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, the increased temperature of the exhaust gas already conducted via the separator 3 is utilised in order to heat the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1. The exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 typically has a temperature of less than 320 °C. By way of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 can be heated to a temperature between 330 °C and 350 °C, preferably to a temperature between 340 °C and 350 °C. Further heating and thus an increase in temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the separator 3 takes place via the heating device 5 positioned downstream of the gas-gas exhaust gas 4 starting out from said temperature level, wherein the heating device 5 heats the exhaust gas to a temperature between 375 °C and 450 °C, preferably to a temperature between 400 °C and 450 °C.
Through the above temperature control of the exhaust gas upstream of the separator 3, in which for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides the sulphur oxides of the exhaust gas react with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 3, the sulphur oxides of the exhaust gas can react with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 3 at an optima! process temperature so that a dwell time of the exhaust gas in the separator 3 can be made possible. Furthermore, in particular when the exhaust gas to be treated in the separator 3 is conducted via the separator 3 with the above exhaust gas temperature, relatively little reduction agent and thus relatively little calcium-containing granulate is needed in the separator 3 for the chemisorption of the sulphur oxides. On the whole, a highly efficient exhaust gas after-treatment or desulphurisation of the exhaust gas in the separator 3 can thus be ensured.
As already explained above, the chemisorption of sulphur oxides in the separator 3, namely the reaction of the sulphur oxides of the exhaust gas with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 3, is an exothermic reaction which heeds the exhaust gas conducted via the separator 3. This thermal energy, which is liberated during the exothermic reaction in the separator 3, is utilised in the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 in order to already raise the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 to an intermediate temperature. Because of this, the heating device 5, which can preferentially be a fuel operated burner or an electric heating device, can be reduced. Because of this, the efficiency of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention can be increased.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1, an SCR-catalytic converter 6 is positioned downstream of the separator 3, which serves for desulphurising the exhaust gas, wherein the SCR-catalytic converter 6 serves for the denitrification of the exhaust gas. Accordingly, the SCR-catalytic converter 6 is positioned downstream of the separator 3 and upstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 in Fig. 1.
In the SCR-cataiytic converter 6 ammonia is utilised as reduction agent. The ammonia utilised in the SCR-catalytic converter 6 can be injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR-catalytic converter 6 either directly by way of a nozzle between the separator 3 and the SCR-catalytic converter 6, alternatively, a precursor substance of the ammonia, which is converted in the exhaust gas into ammonia, can be introduced into the exhaust gas downstream of the separator 3 and upstream of the SCR-cataiytic converter 8. Such a precursor substance is in particular urea.
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, a waste heat recovery device 7 is positioned downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, in which the residual heat of the exhaust gas is utilised downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, in order to further increase the efficiency of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 and direct exhaust gas which has a temperature of approximately 100 °C into the environment downstream of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 7.
It Is pointed out here that the SCR-catalytic converter 6 can also be positioned downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 and upstream of the exhaust gas after-treatment device 7. In this case, the exhaust gas leaving the separator 3 is initially conducted via the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 and subsequently via the SCR-cataiytic converter 6.
Fig. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 2 differs from the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 1 in that in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 2 an oxidation catalytic converter 8 is positioned upstream of the separator 3 and downstream of the heating device 5.
In the oxidation catalytic converter 8, SCh reacts into SO3 according to the following reaction equation:
The following chemical elements are employed as active components in the oxidation catalytic converter 8 for the oxidation of SO2 into SO ,; V (vanadium) and/or piatinum/paliadium and/or Fe (iron) and/or Ce (cer) and/or Cs (cesium) and/or oxides of these elements. The component of vanadium (V) preferentially amounts to more than 5 %, preferably more than 7 %, most preferably more than 9 %.
As base material, the oxidation catalytic converter 8 utilises Ti02 (titanium oxide) and/or S1O2 (silicon oxide), preferentially stabilised by WO3 (tungsten oxide).
Since SO3 reacts with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 3 more quickly than SO2, it is advantageous that upstream of the separator 3 the oxidation catalytic converter 8 for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 is arranged. Because of this the effectiveness of the desuiphurisation can be increased. Preferentially, the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter 8 is effected in such a manner that downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 8 the component of SO3 in all sulphur oxides (SOx) in the exhaust gas amounts to at least 20 %, preferably more than 40 %, most preferably more than 60 %.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative advantageous further development of the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 3 differs from the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 1 in that downstream of the heating device 5 and upstream of the separator 3 a device 9 is positioned, via which a calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder can be introduced into the exhaust gas heated in the heating device 5 upstream of the separator 3, which contains the calcium-containing granulate.
The device 9 of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 3, which serves for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 introduces calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with a grain size of less than 1 mm, preferentially of less than 0.5 mm, most preferably of less than 0.25 mm into the exhaust gas, wherein the calcium and/or sodium of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder has at least the oxidation stage +1.
Preferentially, the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaC03 and/or NaHC03.
The device 9 can introduce the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow either dry as aerosol with air as carrier gas or moist as emulsion with water as solvent.
The use of such calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder as adsorption agent and the above introduction of the same via the device 9 into the exhaust gas ensures a large surface area for the reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with sulphur oxides contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1, namely with S02 and SO3, so that the sulphur oxides can be effectively converted into calcium sulphate CaS04 and/or sodium sulphate Na2S04. The reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with SO2 and SO3 is typically effected according to the following reaction equations, namely for Ca(OH)2 according to the following reaction equations:
and for CaCOa according to the following reaction equations:
and for NaHCOs according to the following reaction equations:
By introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas via the device 9 upstream of the separator 3, powdery calcium sulphate CaS04 and/or sodium sulphate Na2S04 are/is formed, which can be discharged with the granulate of the separator 3 formed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
In the separator 3, granulate is employed which compared with the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas via the device 9 has a relatively large grain size, namely a grain size of more than 2 mm, preferably of more than 3 mm, most preferably of more than 4 mm.
The granulate of the separator 3 is calcium-containing but not sodium-containing. Accordingly, the granulate of the separator 3 must not comprise any NaHC03. At best, the NaHCOa may be introduced into the exhaust gas as a relatively finegrained powder via the device 9 upstream of the separator 3.
The separator 3 is preferentiaily assigned a device which is not shown in order to separate in the moving bed or fluidised bed calcium sulphate trapped via the granulate from the granulate, which together with the granulate is discharged from the separator 3 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. This device can for example be a drum peeler, a drum screen or a mill. Following this, the granulate freed of the calcium sulphate can then be again fed to the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor in order to thus form a granulate circuit and to more effectively utilise the granulate.
A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine 1 is shown by Fig. 4, wherein the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 4 combines the assemblies of the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 2 and 3. The exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 4 accordingly comprises on the one hand an oxidation catalytic converter 8 for the oxidation of SCh into SO3 and on the other hand a device 9 for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas. According to Fig. 4, the device 9, via which the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder can be introduced into the exhaust gas, is positioned downstream of the oxidation cataiytic converter 8. Accordingiy, the oxidation catalytic converter 8 is positioned downstream of the heating device 5, the device 9 downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 8 and upstream of the separator 3.
A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 for an internal combustion engine is shown by Fig. 5, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 5. Just like the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 2 comprises the oxidation catalytic converter 8 and additionally a device 10 for introducing gaseous ammonia (NH3) into the exhaust gas, wherein this device 10 for introducing the gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas is arranged upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 8, so that NH3 accordingiy is introduced into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 upstream of the oxidation cataiytic converter 8.
Here it can be provided to introduce the NH3 either directly into the exhaust gas flow either directly in gaseous form or to inject an NH3 precursor substance such as for example urea into the exhaust gas flow and to evaporate the same in the exhaust gas flow into NH3. Introducing gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas flow into the upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 5 has the advantage that through the denitrification of the exhaust gas brought about by this the subsequent desulphurisation can be improved.
With the exhaust gas after-treatment systems 2 shown in Fig. 1 to 5 a multi-stage separator 3 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor can be employed in order to improve the separation of calcium sulphate and if appropriate sodium sulphide, wherein in particular when a multi-stage separators is used, granulate of different grain size is used in the individual stages of the separator 3. In the individual stages of the separator 3, the grain sizes of the granulate then deviate from one another. Preferentially, a separator 3 designed as a cross flow separator is utilised.
The invention can also be employed with exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engines which comprise an exhaust gas turbocharger. In such a case, it is then preferentially provided that at least the particle separator 3 is positioned downstream of a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger that is not shown. An oxidation catalytic converter 8 if appropriate is preferentially positioned upstream of such a turbine since the high pressures that are present upstream of the turbine and high temperatures in the exhaust flow favour the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter 8.
The invention proposes an exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine and a method for the exhaust gas after-treatment of exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine, wherein the desulphurisation of the exhaust gas is carried out in a separator 3 comprising calcium-containing granulate.
In order to carry out this desulphurisation in the separator 3 under optimal operating conditions the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 is heated upstream of the separator 3 to a process temperature of preferentially between 400 °C and 450 °C, namely in multiple stages initially in the gas-gas heat exchanger 4 and subsequently in the heating device 5. The gas-gas heat exchanger 4 utilises thermal energy incurred in the separator 3 during the desuiphurisation for heating the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 to an Intermediate temperature, as a result of which the heat output of the heating device 5 can be reduced. The heating device 5 can be an electrically operated heating device or a burner operated with gaseous or liquid fuel, in particular with heavy fuel oil.
As already explained above, chemisorption of sulphur oxides on the calcium-containing or lime-based granulate of the separator 3 takes place in the separator 3 comprising calcium-containing granulate, which is embodied as packed bed reactor or as moving bed reactor, wherein this reaction is exothermic and accordingly liberates thermal energy. The separator 3 can be embodied double-wailed in order to reduce heat losses in the separator 3 and accordingly better utilise the thermal energy liberated by the exothermic reaction for heating the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine in the gas-gas heat exchanger.
The optional utilisation of the SCR-catalytic converter 8 downstream of the separator 3 allows denitrification of the exhaust gas, wherein in particular when urea as ammonia precursor substance is introduced into the exhaust gas downstream of the separator 3 and upstream of the SCR-cataiytic converter 8, a short evaporation distance for urea is adequate because of the high temperatures that are present downstream of the particle separator 3. Because of the fact that already denitrified exhaust gas is conducted via the SCR-cataiytic converter 6 there is no risk of dogging the SCR-catalytic converter 6.
In ail shown exemplary embodiments an optional waste heat recovery device 7 is positioned downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4. This can for example be a steam turbine, in which residua! heat of the exhaust gas is utilised in order to generate electric power. Because of the desuiphurisation of the exhaust gas previously carried out there is no risk that corrosion as a consequence of precipitating H2SO4 develops in the region of the waste heat recovery device 7,
As explained above, the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention is characterized by an optimally adapted thermal management. Exhaust gas, which leaves the internal combustion engine 1, typically has a temperature of less than 320 °C. Through intervention in the internal combustion engine 1 on the engine side for example by exhaust gas throttling or waste gate influencing the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 can be increased to a certain degree. The exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 can be heated to a temperature of approximately 350 °C via the gas-gas heat exchanger 4. In the region of the heating device 5, the exhaust gas is subsequently heated to a temperature of preferentially between 360°C and 450°C in order to provide an optimal process temperature for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides in the separator 3. This chemisorption in the separator 3 is an exothermic reaction so that the exhaust gas leaving the separator 3 has an elevated temperature. This elevated temperature of the exhaust gas already conducted via the separator 3 is utilised in the gas-gas heat exchanger 4. In the SCR-catalytic converter 8 which is optionally present, which is positioned in the shown exemplary embodiments between the separator 3 and the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, only a minor lowering of the temperature of the exhaust gas takes place. Downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger 4, residual heat of the exhaust gas is preferentially utilised in the exhaust gas after-treatment device 7 for generating electric energy. The temperature downstream of the waste heat recovery device 7 is a maximum of approximately 120 °C.
List of reference numbers 1 Internal combustion engine 2 Exhaust gas after-treatment system 3 Separator 4 Gas-gas heat exchanger 5 Heating device 6 SCR-catalytic converter 7 Waste heat recovery device 8 Oxidation catalytic converter 9 Device / device via which a calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder can be introduced into the exhaust / device for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas / calcium and/or sodium-containing powder introducing device 10 Device / device for introducing gaseous ammonia (NH3) into the exhaust gas I gaseous ammonia introducing device.

权利要求:
Claims (13)
[1] 1, An exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine, with a separator (3) comprising calcium-containing granulate arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine (1) for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides, with a gas-gas heat exchanger (4), via which exhaust gas conducted via the separator (3) on the one hand and exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine (1) on the other hand can be conducted for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine (1), and with a heating device (5) arranged downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger (4) and upstream of the separator (3) for further increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas conducted via the gas-gas heat exchanger (4),
[2] 2, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (5) heats the exhaust gas to a temperature between 375°C and 450°C, preferably between 400°C and 450°C,
[3] 3, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas-gas heat exchanger (4) heats the exhaust gas to a temperature between 330°C and 350°C, preferably to a temperature between 340°C and 350°C.
[4] 4, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an SCR-catalytic converter (6) is positioned downstream of the separator (3), wherein exhaust gas leaving the separator (3) can be initially directed via the SCR-catalytic converter (6) and subsequently via the gas-gas heat exchanger (4),
[5] 5. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an SCR-catalytic converter (8) is positioned upstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger (4), wherein exhaust gas leaving the separator (3) can be initially directed via the gas-gas heat exchanger (4) and subsequently via the SCR-catalytic converter (6).
[6] 8. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized ϋη that an exhaust gas after-treatment device (7) is positioned downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger (4).
[7] 7, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an oxidation catalytic converter (8) for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 is positioned downstream of the heating device (5) and upstream of the separator (3), via which oxidation cataiytic converter (8) the exhaust gas heated in the heating device (5) can be directed upstream of the separator (3).
[8] 8, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that downstream of the heating device (5) and upstream of the separator (3) a device (9) is positioned via which calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder can be introduced into the exhaust gas heated in the heating device (5) upstream of the separator (3).
[9] 9, The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 7 and 8, characterized in that the device (9), via which calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder can be introduced into the exhaust gas is positioned downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (8) for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 and upstream of the separator (3).
[10] 10. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powders introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device (9) comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOa and/or NaHCOs, wherein the grain size of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device (9) amounts to less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, most preferably less than 0.25 mm.
[11] 11. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the granulate of the separator (3), which is preferentially designed as a packed bed or as a moving bed reactor, comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOa, wherein the grain size of the granulate in the separator (3) amounts to more than 2 mm, preferably more than 3 mm, most preferably more than 4 mm.
[12] 12. A method for the exhaust gas after-treatment of exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas is conducted via a separator comprising a calcium-containing granulate for the chemisorption of sulphur oxides, wherein the exhaust gas conducted via the separator and on the other hand the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine is conducted via a gas-gas heat exchanger for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine, and wherein the exhaust gas heated in the gas-gas heat exchanger is conducted for further increasing the temperature via a heating device arranged downstream of the gas-gas heat exchanger and upstream of the separator.
[13] 13. The method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the method is carried out with the help of the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 11.

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法律状态:
2019-01-25| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20190125 |

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2021-11-22| PBP| Patent lapsed|Effective date: 20210413 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102014005418.7|2014-04-14|

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DE102014005418|2014-04-14|

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DE102014005418.7A|DE102014005418A1|2014-04-14|2014-04-14|Exhaust after-treatment system and exhaust aftertreatment process|

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